Canadian benefits glossary

Appeals & applications

Appeal

A formal request to have a benefit decision reviewed by a higher level or independent body after an initial denial or reduction.

Deadlines are strict, missing an appeal window can end your right to challenge a decision.

Appeals & applications

Application deadline

The last date to apply for a benefit period or program intake. Late applications may receive reduced retroactivity or be denied.

Some programs allow late filing with limits; others close the door entirely after a date.

Appeals & applications

CRA reassessment

CRA's review or change to your tax return after initial processing, which can alter benefits based on that return.

A reassessment can trigger benefit repayments or new payments months later.

Appeals & applications

Official determination

A written decision from a government program stating whether you qualify and what you will receive.

MyEligible provides starting points, only the official program's determination is binding.

Appeals & applications

Overpayment

Benefit money you received but were not entitled to, which the government may recover from future payments or tax refunds.

Report income changes promptly, most overpayments happen when circumstances change and benefits are not updated.

Appeals & applications

Reconsideration

A first-level review asking the same agency to look again at your case, often required before a formal appeal.

Submit new evidence during reconsideration, decisions may change without a hearing.

Appeals & applications

Retroactive payment

Benefit money paid for past months after a late approval or reassessment, sometimes limited by program rules.

Not all programs pay full retroactivity, ask about limits when you apply late.

Appeals & applications

Social Security Tribunal

An independent body that hears appeals on CPP, EI, and OAS decisions after earlier review steps.